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As Operations Epic Fury and Roaring Lion develop, several dimensions of cyber activity demand attention and careful qualification.

As the United States and Israel conduct major strikes against Iran, four RUSI experts provide their thoughts after the first few days of conflict.

The US and Israel have launched major strikes on Iran, triggering retaliation across the region and raising fears of wider war.

The military operations against Iran have killed Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and begun a war that threatens to engulf the region, marking Roaring Lion and Epic Fury as significant violent events.

Its ammunition spent on Ukraine, Russia can no longer act on the world stage. The Moscow-Tehran axis is collapsing in real time.

For regime change and the elimination of Iran’s nuclear programme through an air-only campaign, the US and Israel will have to contest with many unknowns.

Today the US and Israel made a first strike at regime change in Iran, initiating a battle that is existential for Tehran's leadership. The shape of the conflict is being determined now, with much at stake across the Gulf.

Speculation is mounting over how the US will act if diplomacy fails and a deal with Iran to remove the country’s nuclear capability collapses. As options are debated, ‘cyber’ remains ever elusive.

Putin must walk a fine line between doing the minimum required to support its nominal ally in the region, while ensuring that Russia retains its relevance in the Middle East.

Venezuela needs fundamental change to its economic structures to prevent the abduction of Nicolas Maduro from eventually leading to increased corruption and systemic violence.

Protests in Iran add to an uncertainty over the fate of the Iranian regime, that is felt within the country and the region.

The Iranian regime has no answers to the country’s problems and there will eventually be change. But this may not happen quickly or neatly.

Circumstances in Iran do not map easily onto the conditions in Venezuela that abetted Maduro’s kidnapping.

As Turkish and Israeli planners increasingly frame their rivalry as an interconnected, multi-theatre contest, the margin for miscalculation is narrowing.

While STC controlling the majority of Yemen’s southern littoral may constrain the Houthis’ ability to operationally expand attacks into the Gulf of Aden, the benefit may outweigh the costs.

In a short time frame, the Khaf-Herat railroad received a flurry of Russian and Iranian oil shipments.

Led by Director General Rachel Ellehuus, RUSI's presence at the Doha Forum brought together experts in cybersecurity and geopolitical foresight to explore how states and non-state actors are weaponising the digital domain in war, and what this means for international security and the future of the Middle East.

Dr Burcu Ozcelik and Nicholas Hopton join Dr Neil Melvin to discuss key insights from the Doha Forum and the shifting Middle East security landscape.

The US-Saudi nuclear deal will have limited implications for the US nuclear sector but could have meaningful political and non-proliferation consequences for the Middle East.