Russia’s partnership with North Korea could advance Pyongyang’s nuclear weapons programme through technical aid and proliferation financing, particularly in the absence of global controls.
Belgium is a core operational hub for criminal networks. This paper explores how it could break the criminal business model through a finance-led approach.
This paper looks at the lessons to be drawn from sabotage attacks attributed to Russia against civilian infrastructure and logistics in European NATO countries, and questions NATO’s preparedness for future warfare.
Global South approaches to public cyber attribution are more cautious than Western approaches, due to factors including cultural background, foreign policy goals and perceptions of western double standards.
This paper explores transnational anti-rights mobilisation as a hybrid threat to UK and European democracy, driven by foreign actors, funding and influence.
Violent extremism must be understood within, and addressed as, part of a wider conflict ecosystem. Integrated responses can offer efficiency, impact and much-needed value for money.
To prosecute money laundering, the Chilean government must strengthen asset recovery governance and information-sharing, and update its existing framework.
In light of growing uncertainty over US commitments to European security, Europe must review its conventional and nuclear postures while managing risk.
To reduce reliance on nuclear weapons, states must narrow their nuclear doctrines, utilise non-nuclear deterrence alternatives and engage in risk reduction.
This paper highlights the urgent need for Europe to reshape its security framework to address emerging threats and ensure long-term stability and strategic advantage against the most significant challenges to European security since 1945.
